This degree gives students basic theoretical preparation and an adequate command of general scientific methods and contents, in addition to the acquisition of specific professional know-how. It requires 180 credits, which can generally be accumulated within three years. The laurea (1st cycle degree) grants access to competitions for the Italian civil service, state-regulated and non-state-regulated professions, and to 2nd cycle degree courses. Graduates are awarded the qualification of dottore.
The corresponding qualification, not only in English-speaking countries, but now also in the whole area of the Bologna Process, is Bachelor's level degree.

First-cycle Degree in

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